Refraction of Sound Waves - how temperature gradients make sound waves change direction.
The resulting wave pattern defines the Standing Wave Ratio used to measure impedance. A sinusoidal wave train reflects from an impedance discontinuity.
Reflections from Impedance and the Standing Wave Ratio.
Phase changes upon reflection from hard, soft, and mixed boundaries.
Fourier Decomposition - building a wave shape from sines and cosines.
Superposition of Two Waves - Interference, Standing Waves, and Beats.
Wave Motion in Space and Time - distinguishing between the time behavior and spatial behavior of waves.
What is a Wave? - a disturbance which travels through a medium.
Sound Waves and Sources Basic Wave Phenomena The contents (and links) on this page were last updated on November 28, 2020. Additional information about using this content is available at.
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My intent has always been to create physically and mathematically correct animations, accompanied by explanatory text, that illustrate complicated phenomena involving waves and vibration in a manner that aids student understanding. Now that I'm back at Penn State, teaching graduate level acoustics, I'm continuing to add to my collection of animations. Sometime around 1998 or so I began writing webpages and adding them to this online collection. For the next 16 years (1995-2011) I was a physics professor at Kettering University and continued creating animations and using them as educational tools for the courses I was teaching about waves and acoustics. student in the Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State. I started using Mathematica to create animations to help me understand and visualize certain acoustics and vibration phenomena in 1992 while I was a Ph.D. The links below contain animations illustrating acoustics and vibration, waves and oscillation concepts.